Observations on the epidemiology of simple hypospadias.

Hypospadias in goats

Hypospadias is an uncommon congenital defect of urinary tract in farm animals. This defect has been recorded rarely in calves, lambs and foals in the world. The aetiology of hypospadias is not well understood, it seems to be multifactorial and may be related to genetic, endocrinological, and environmental factors. During April to October 2007, twenty-four goat kids with sings of hypospadias wer...

Observations on the Incidence, Epidemiology, Control and Economic Importance of Gastro-Intestinal Parasites of Sheep and Goats in Iran

یورتروپلاستی به روش TIP در بیماران مبتلا به هیپوسپادیاس بیمارستان بوعلی سینا ساری سال 83-1378

Background and purpose : Hypospadias is a common congenital anomaly of urogenital system. In spite of different techniques for treatment of hypospadias and complications such as fistula after operation, most surgeons are keen of doing operations with the least complications and best results. TIP urethroplasty has been introduced for hypospadias repair in recent years and is becoming popular f...

Molecular epidemiology of hypospadias: review of genetic and environmental risk factors.

Hypospadias is one of the most common congenital anomalies in the United States, occurring in approximately 1 in 125 live male births. It is characterized by altered development of the urethra, foreskin, and ventral surface of the penis. In this review, the embryology, epidemiology, risk factors, genetic predisposition, and likely candidate genes for hypospadias are described. Recent reports ha...

Evaluation of External Genital Anomalies and the Underlying Factors in Male Newborns

Background: External genital anomalies are the most common congenital disorders in male infants with unknown etiology in the majority of cases. According to recent reports, incidence rate of these anomalies is rising in different countries. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of external genital anomalies and possible underlying factors in male newborns. Methods: This cross-sectional st...